-violent with attacks against military and civilian targets-- rebels defeated
-nationalism arose
leaders in Secret army organization
Charles de Gualle, French president, opened reconcilitation, reforms
Abdelhamid Ben Badis, founded Association of Muslim Algerian Ulema
yes
Angola
Nov 11 1957
formed as a slave colony in 15th century by Portugal
their economy was based on the exportation of slaves
violent
War of Independce started as an uprising against forced cotton
Holden Alvaro Roberto
first nationalist movement in 1956
Union of Angolan Peoples
yes
Belgian Congo
June 30, 1960
Belgians control
Wives and children were held hostage until the man came up with amount of rubber
violent
Lumamba
Leopold II Free State of Congo--used violence
Patrice Lumumba-prime minister
yes- became Democratic Republic
still undeveloped
Ghana
March
-British power
-Meant to be peaceful, but ended up being violent
-The Big Six
-Yes
Guinea
October 2 1958
controlled by French
French and British commercial interests dominated local produce markets
peaceful
Ahkmal Toukre -- strong leader
yes, but now face several
Kenya
Dec 12 1963
- British took over Africa after the Berlin Conference
wanted fertile soil and diverse wildlife back
violent
wanted modernization, agricultural production unit was the patriarch's extended family
land**
- current president brought good relations
Jomo Kenyatta, nonviolent approach, arrested for revolting against political and economic and racial groups that were in place
yes, however there is now corruption in the government, economically doing poorly
Madagascar
June 26, 1960
opressed by the Frnech
food shorteges
violent
Philibert Tsiranana -pro Western leader who was president of Madagascar after being recognized as an independent republic
helped stabilize government, brought Western ideas into Madagascar
yes
now they have economic struggles
South Africa
May 21, 1910
Republic on May 31, 1961
-originally 4 colonies
violent
started many guerilla wars against British
triggers: literacy movement, forced labor, confiscation of crops and minerals, inflation
Nelson Mandela
De Klerk
Jacob Zuma (current president)
they were successful; got rid of the system of apartheid
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
white minority, wanted to be free of Whites ruling over them, be own nation
-nationalism arose
Charles de Gualle, French president, opened reconcilitation, reforms
Abdelhamid Ben Badis, founded Association of Muslim Algerian Ulema
their economy was based on the exportation of slaves
War of Independce started as an uprising against forced cotton
first nationalist movement in 1956
Union of Angolan Peoples
Wives and children were held hostage until the man came up with amount of rubber
Leopold II Free State of Congo--used violence
Patrice Lumumba-prime minister
still undeveloped
French and British commercial interests dominated local produce markets
wanted fertile soil and diverse wildlife back
wanted modernization, agricultural production unit was the patriarch's extended family
land**
Jomo Kenyatta, nonviolent approach, arrested for revolting against political and economic and racial groups that were in place
food shorteges
helped stabilize government, brought Western ideas into Madagascar
now they have economic struggles
Republic on May 31, 1961
started many guerilla wars against British
triggers: literacy movement, forced labor, confiscation of crops and minerals, inflation
De Klerk
Jacob Zuma (current president)
white minority, wanted to be free of Whites ruling over them, be own nation