1. Muhammad’s death led to the expansion of Islam through successful conquests. For example, Arab conquests against empires like the Persian and Byzantine Empire helped spread Islam. Those who had deserted Islam when Muhammad died had to convert during the Ridda Wars (Islamic armies defeated a series of Bedouin tribes).
2. The motivations for Islamic conquest was the unification that the Arabs because of Islamic faith. The faith that brought them together gave them the ability to fight against the non-Arab rulers.
3. The Umayyads were able to defeat their adversaries because they had unification because of the Islamic faith (and other faiths such as Christianity) and they had large number in their army. Some enemies such as the Sasanians, who weren’t aware of the Umayyad’s army, let their guard down.
4. Because of the division in Islam about who would become the next caliph after Ytgnab caused two groups to form. One was the Shi’a who supported the son-in-law of Muhammed named Ali. The second was the Sunnis who supported the Umayyads.
5. People of the book, or dhimmi, under the Umayyads were treated reasonably. The Umayyads accepted various beliefs and religions as long as they could enforce commercial and property taxes on the dhimmi in return.
6. Women had greater power and influence under the Umayyads. Women had the fortunate ability to choose who they married and receive the bride-price paid by the husband’s family. Women could have roles in politics, law, scholarship, commerse, and they were allowed to go into combat.
7. Setting into a comfortable life caused the fall of the Umayyads. Muslim groups were upset by the change of life and decided to revolt. Warriors at Merv joined the Muslims because they hated the rules of the governors at Damascus. Mawalis also joined in the revolts believing that they would be finally known as fully Muslims.
Explain how the expansion of Islam created a global trading network. Make specific references to trading zones, cities, ideals, and methods of spread of technology.
The expansion of Islam created a global trading network by establishing major trade routes. People traveled on the trading routes and eventually different technologies expanded and grew. The cities involved in the trading all experienced the Islamic relgion and it led to others converting to it. Trading zones such as maritime trade were in the Middle East and North Africa. Many transported goods through the capital of Baghdad. The Silk Road was also a factor of trading network. Merchants known as juulas in African states spread their ideas and cultures with one another through the roads and networks. Ideas of equality between men and women were established. China, northern India. Venician merchants (Italy). Trans-Sahara network. Dhows with triangular sails shipped goods- could go against the wind- piece of technology. Many among the Swahili Coast converted to Islam. ** If you are traveling to Mecca for example and you bring with you many belongings, etc., you will pass people among the way who will want to negotiate with you and trade with you.
2. The motivations for Islamic conquest was the unification that the Arabs because of Islamic faith. The faith that brought them together gave them the ability to fight against the non-Arab rulers.
3. The Umayyads were able to defeat their adversaries because they had unification because of the Islamic faith (and other faiths such as Christianity) and they had large number in their army. Some enemies such as the Sasanians, who weren’t aware of the Umayyad’s army, let their guard down.
4. Because of the division in Islam about who would become the next caliph after Ytgnab caused two groups to form. One was the Shi’a who supported the son-in-law of Muhammed named Ali. The second was the Sunnis who supported the Umayyads.
5. People of the book, or dhimmi, under the Umayyads were treated reasonably. The Umayyads accepted various beliefs and religions as long as they could enforce commercial and property taxes on the dhimmi in return.
6. Women had greater power and influence under the Umayyads. Women had the fortunate ability to choose who they married and receive the bride-price paid by the husband’s family. Women could have roles in politics, law, scholarship, commerse, and they were allowed to go into combat.
7. Setting into a comfortable life caused the fall of the Umayyads. Muslim groups were upset by the change of life and decided to revolt. Warriors at Merv joined the Muslims because they hated the rules of the governors at Damascus. Mawalis also joined in the revolts believing that they would be finally known as fully Muslims.
Explain how the expansion of Islam created a global trading network. Make specific references to trading zones, cities, ideals, and methods of spread of technology.
The expansion of Islam created a global trading network by establishing major trade routes. People traveled on the trading routes and eventually different technologies expanded and grew. The cities involved in the trading all experienced the Islamic relgion and it led to others converting to it. Trading zones such as maritime trade were in the Middle East and North Africa. Many transported goods through the capital of Baghdad. The Silk Road was also a factor of trading network. Merchants known as juulas in African states spread their ideas and cultures with one another through the roads and networks. Ideas of equality between men and women were established. China, northern India. Venician merchants (Italy). Trans-Sahara network. Dhows with triangular sails shipped goods- could go against the wind- piece of technology. Many among the Swahili Coast converted to Islam. ** If you are traveling to Mecca for example and you bring with you many belongings, etc., you will pass people among the way who will want to negotiate with you and trade with you.