From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations
| Neolithic Revolution |
Te Neolithic revolution centered on agricultural development. It was set off by two end of the ice age results: 1) population increase because of improved climate, therefore people had reliable sources of food (hunting game, etc.) and 2) retreat of big game animals like mastodons. People relied on wild grains, berries, and nuts more often and gave up the hunter-gatherer lifestyle. In conclusion, domestication of plants and animals were accomplished by people |
| Bronze Age |
By 3000 B.C.E. metalworking became so commonplace in the Middle East that stone tool usage dissipated and the stone ages were over. Metalworking became useful to agricultural or herding societies. Over time, metal was replaced with iron, and woodwork also evolved. |
| Catal Huyuk |
A Neolithic village, an early urban culture that was based off of sedentary agriculture. Its population was larger than Jericho and it had a greater level of social stratification. (located in Turkey) Houses were made of mud bricks in timber frameworks with few windows. By 3000 B.C.E. Catal Huyuk became part of a civilization in the Middle Eastern region. |
| Civilization |
A society where laws exist to keep people settled and in place, as well as a place with a social structure, economy, labor, agriculture, beliefs and values, a writing system, a language, etc. |
| Ziggurats |
Enormous towers associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes. Professional priests controlled and ran these temples and conducted rituals inside of them. They were significant because they gave Mesopotamians a place to practice religion. |
| City States |
A state ruled by a king who declared godly authority over everything and everyone. A political union that consisted of agricultural hinterlands. |
| Sumerians |
A group of people who migrated to Mesopotamia in 4000 B.C.E. who created the very first civilization and organized that area into different city-states |
| Hammurabi |
A great and mighty king who lived from 1792 to 1750 B.C.E. and who was the most significant ruler of Babylonian empire history. He also established Hammurabi’s Law Code which guided people into a unified, civil city-state with set laws |
| Huanghe |
The yellow river in China where a civilization developed. The civilization praised godlike kinds early on, starting with Chinese P’An Ku |
| Indus River |
A river established in 2500 B.C.E. that supported several grand cities such as Harappa and Mohenjo Daro whose houses got the opportunity to have running water. |