· 1945- countries were dominated by authoritarian reformers, like Getulio Vargas in Brazil with nationalism, Juan Peron in Argentina · Mexico controlled by the Party of the Institutionalized Revolution, many belied little remained of revolutionary principles · 1940s- LA desire to improve social and economic conditions throughout the region and agreement that development and economic strength were the keys to a better future · Those seeking change turned to Marxian socialism to guide them · Guatemalaà new reforms from president Juan Jose Arevalo brought nationalism, as well at Colonel Jacobo Arbenz (brought communism) · Cuba—Fulgencio Batista authoritarian reformer ruled Cuba and promised major changes with reforms and employment, but failed because of opposition regime in the society led by Fidel Castro · *All Latin American countries ultimately needed political stability for efficient economic and social structures · 1960s, military establishments (Cuban success motivated) intervened with political process to clean out disliked presidents/parties and to take over government · 1964 Brazilian military overthrew the president, Argentina-polarization b/w Peronists and middle class led to military intervention, Chilean military overthrew socialist government President Salvador Allende · Soldiers imposed new type of bureaucratic authoritarian regime · Brazil- restored democratic government in 1980s, as well as in Argentina · Redemocratization was difficult due to several issues of opposers in Peru, Central America, Nicaragua, Guatemala
Economic
· Guatemala—President Arbenz wanted to improve economy, but US placed restrictions fearing communism · Cuba—world market involvement with their main product of sugar, revealed the tenuous basis of the economy · Castro in Cuba established a centralized socialist economy and depended on money for the revolution, however later attempts to diversify and strengthen the economy was not successful · Huge debt in all Latin American countries in the last decades of the 20th century due to illogical spending, inflation occured
Social
· Zapatistas were named after the armed guerilla movement in Chiapas · Mexico—North American Free Trade Agreement to spur industry · Middle-class elected president in Guatemala in 1944 · Cubaà large middle class and literacy and good health care · Cuba reform from revolution- education, health, housing improved · Liberation theology that combined Catholic theology and socialist principles to improve conditions for the poor was established · In Brazil a working-class president Lula was elected, but he did not establish changes in social inequality · Augusto Sandino in Nicaragua was made a hero after successful socialist revolution in the 1980s
· Mexico controlled by the Party of the Institutionalized Revolution, many belied little remained of revolutionary principles
· 1940s- LA desire to improve social and economic conditions throughout the region and agreement that development and economic strength were the keys to a better future
· Those seeking change turned to Marxian socialism to guide them
· Guatemalaà new reforms from president Juan Jose Arevalo brought nationalism, as well at Colonel Jacobo Arbenz (brought communism)
· Cuba—Fulgencio Batista authoritarian reformer ruled Cuba and promised major changes with reforms and employment, but failed because of opposition regime in the society led by Fidel Castro
· *All Latin American countries ultimately needed political stability for efficient economic and social structures
· 1960s, military establishments (Cuban success motivated) intervened with political process to clean out disliked presidents/parties and to take over government
· 1964 Brazilian military overthrew the president, Argentina-polarization b/w Peronists and middle class led to military intervention, Chilean military overthrew socialist government President Salvador Allende
· Soldiers imposed new type of bureaucratic authoritarian regime
· Brazil- restored democratic government in 1980s, as well as in Argentina
· Redemocratization was difficult due to several issues of opposers in Peru, Central America, Nicaragua, Guatemala
· Cuba—world market involvement with their main product of sugar, revealed the tenuous basis of the economy
· Castro in Cuba established a centralized socialist economy and depended on money for the revolution, however later attempts to diversify and strengthen the economy was not successful
· Huge debt in all Latin American countries in the last decades of the 20th century due to illogical spending, inflation occured
· Mexico—North American Free Trade Agreement to spur industry
· Middle-class elected president in Guatemala in 1944
· Cubaà large middle class and literacy and good health care
· Cuba reform from revolution- education, health, housing improved
· Liberation theology that combined Catholic theology and socialist principles to improve conditions for the poor was established
· In Brazil a working-class president Lula was elected, but he did not establish changes in social inequality
· Augusto Sandino in Nicaragua was made a hero after successful socialist revolution in the 1980s