Nationalism
As revolutions swept through the Atlantic in the late 18th and early 19th centuries people came to identify themselves as part of a community called a nation.
1. Complete the who, what, when, where, why analysis of the Treaty of Westphalia
Treaty of Westphalia
Who? German Protestants, Holy Roman Empire, Lutherans
What? Treaty of Westphalia settled on the agreement that the idea that states and cities could choose their own religion. Also, the Protestant Netherlands rebellion was settled. SOVERIGNTY
When? 1648
Where? Germany and Spain
Why? To settle the Thirty Years War b/w the German Protestants against the Holy Roman Empire
2. Define nationalism in your own words:
Nationalism=the spirit, devotion, loyalty, desire for advancement and better itself citizens have in a single nation
Take notes on the following. Make sure you connect the events back to nationalism.
Unification of Italy- 1959- 1970; Cavour united Italy with a rebellion that led to the absoute control of the Piedmontese King, Catholic pope was against ideas that dealt with nationalism therefore the power decreased--> important part of the general reduction of church power in Western politics.
Unification of Germany- (1815-1871) A series of wars first expanded Prussian p ower in Germany led by Bismarck. In 1866 Purissa emerged as the supereme German power and a final war against France led to absoloute German unity in 1871. The German Empire adopted a national parliament with a lower house based on u niversal male suffrage and also an upper house that favored conservative state governments. It was a compromise that was achieved from the country's joy of nationalistic success
Zionism- 1860s and 1870s that argued for Jews to return to the Holy Land in the middle east. Jews were originally from a Middle Eastern land and were driven back to their land by nationslism. They longed for their past traditional values and beliefs and wished to retain them
Brazilian Independence- Brazil desired more freedom; became important economically and politically [most of the people there did not want to risk political change in the country], 1821-1823, events that involved conflicts b/w Brazil and Portugal in [Brazilian] hope of independence
Monroe Doctrine- 1823, It claimed that European colonization would be therefore forbidden in the Americaas. The Americas soley belonged to the United States--not any European states. Americans led to this because of their support and patriotism that they rallied to get the European nations to stop colonizing in the Americas. They longed for expansion within the land
Argentine Republic- A nation that was unified from governments who had compromised o their agreements. The Argentinans longed for reform and positive change throughout their country, particularly in politics, which caused them to strive and rely on natinoalism to keep them together and to better themselves
Balkan Nationalism- The Balkan nations struggled with war for territorial gains for different land. They had a strong spark and drive in them for more expansion and land, therefore they were a very nationalistic and unified people
3. Summarize the global impact of nationalism (limit to 200 words/ 1/2 page) p517 Nationalism was ultimately fueled by the desire of the people in each country to expand and promote their beliefs and values. Nationalism was particularly useful in politics, because goverments used nationalism to create unification within their people in order to get them rallied up to get new lands. All wanted a stronger, bigger country and nationalism promoted just that, therefore they were eager to spread their beliefs and values. If disagreements did come up, instead of fighting, natinoalistic countries would use compromise. Nationalism also encouraged the people who were against wars for new land that fighting for their values and beliefs was an acceptable thing to do and was only for the benefit of the country. New conservatives used nationalism to win support for existing social order. They promoted an active foreign policy in the interest of promoting domestic calm. Almost all Western nations had adopted parliamentary systems, democracies, in which religious and other freedoms were protected. In schools, students were taught nationalism, teaching the superiority of the nation's language and history as well as attacking minority or immigrant cultures.
Industrialization
4. Look at the data below and answer the questions that follow
Index Numbers of World Trade (Volume of trade in selected years compared to 1913)
Year
Index Number
1850
10
1870
24
1895
48
1901
67
1911
96
1913
100
Iron Production (1000's Metric Tons)
1830
1850
1913
Britain
700
2,716
9,792
France
244
1,262
4,626
Russia
167
231
3,870
Germany
111
246
14,836
Years of Life Expectancy at Birth
Country
Year: 1820
Year: 1900
Britain
40
50
Average,rest of Western Europe
36
46
United States
39
47
Japan
34
44
Russia
28
32
Average, all Latin America
27
32
Average, all Asia
23
24
Average all Africa
23
24
Which of the data sets above do you think is the most significant? Why? I believe that the years of life expectancy at birth was the most significant because although the numbers did not increase drastically, even a couple of years is a lot to add on to someone's life. It demonstrates how they found better ways for treatment and taking care of themselves.
Taken together what do these data sets tell us? These data sets tell us how the Industrial Revolution affected several different aspects, especially production and life expectancy. Higher life expectancies occuried because of the increase of production and working conditions.
What was the Industrial revolution? It was a reform movement in production, working conditions, transportation methods, communication methods
What was its origins? Britain in the 18th century
What were its major effects?- Cities drastically grew and economies were positively effected because of the profit they made. They made more because they produced more through new machinery and without the use of several people.
6. Now referring to your textbook create a chart or mindmap of the effects of Industrialization. You must include the following
Gender roles/issues
Family Structures
Social Structures
Extension of voting rights (chartist movement)
Mass leisure culture
Romanticism
Socialism
Communism
Industrialization Effects
Gender Roles/Issues
Women's family duties gained ground in family roles. They were exploited for cheap labor and longer hours in comparison to men. Women eventually stood up and petitioned for better conditions (less hours, etc.) and equality. The social question was added into the consitutional reform with other key issues that needed ot be resolved. ----the social question
Family Structures
Family life adjusted to industrialization because there was less time to be spent with one another, however they did make enough money to afford family outings at times. Birth reates dropped when for example Western society began a demographic transition that promoted a stable population level. Children were seen as a source fo emotional satisfaction and responsibility, not workers.
Social Structures
Factory workers were degraded and sick of being exploited and argued for more rights to become equal to other social classes and become independent.
Voting Rights
After the Industrial Revolution, men could vote at age 18; women did not.
Mass Leisure culture
A better income, better hours, and better pay were resulted of the Industrial Revolution and they were able to afford family outings. Sports were popular and improved ecnomies when it came to equpment supply.
Romanticism
People enjoyed the idea of pursuing the arts of romance and the ideal hero.
Socialism
Socialism depended on the power of grievances of the working class, with allies from other groups. It set up a focus on human perfectibility and communities with rewards. It was completely against capitalism.
Communism
Communism opposed the capitalist way of managing the economy and fully supported the idea that the governments should control everything, so that society would run well if it all went according to plan; everyone listens and does as the laws and rules say.
7. The data shows us that the Britain Empire was greatly benefitted from nationalism, and they had the technology and wealth from the Industrial Revolution so that they could take control of less techonology advanced societies, such as Polynesia, Austrailia, and Africa. The data and map also tells us that the Americas were a very strong, unified people as well, as they only had 27% controlled there. Also, Great Britian had the largest by far population of colonies at 470,000,000 which fed them the ability to overpower underdeveloped societies.
8. Define Imperialism in your own words:
Imperialism was the policy of extending a nation's land and territory through territorial acquisition and by the establishment of colonies in different parts of the world. Imperialism was ultimately fueled by the Industrial Revolution, because it gave them the equipment and wealth to be able to colonize at different places outside of their country.
9. What were the motivations for Imperialism?
The motivations of imperialism were for European nations to gain more economic as well as political power over the lands that they conquered. Their economic power came from trading with other nations to use the resources to enhance the economy. Also, there was great competition among all of the European countries and nations, including, although across the Atlantic, the United States. Without imperialism, countries could be taken over and conquered from other nations.
10. Before note-taking, look for the following key terms (not in the glossary!) and define them in your own words.
The British East India Company-
Sepoys-Indian troops who were recruited from different groups and types of people throughout India. The British relied on them during their interventions between the directors of the British East India Company and the Dutch financiers who were fighting for territorial expansion.
British Raj- the British political establishment in India. The group added a lot of tension and rivalry between the British and the French. In the 18th century, they were on opposite sides during five major wars- land and sea. They fought in Europe, the Caribbean, North America, bays of the Indian Ocean--they were both hungry for plantation colonies. Often, the British succeeded in these warsand gave them control of the entire south Asian subcontinent over time
Partition of Africa/ Berlin Conference-
Settlement Colonies-the second major type of European overseas possession (the other group was the tropical dependencies). Within the settlement colonies, different patterns of occupation and indigenous reponse existed. One, for example was demonstrated by Canadian and Austrailian colonies, the British labeled white dominions
White Dominions-a pattern demonstrated by Canada and Austrailia, who were a part of the settlement colonies by the end of the 19th century. They were a relatively large portion of the area, yet small in ratio of Britain's global empire population. They were native inhabitants--number of them generally decreased on account of the ongoing spread of disease and wars
Cecil Rhodes-a famous British entrepreneur. He was just one of the entrepreneurs that moved into the Orange Free State in 1867 when diamonds were discovered. The Boers had kept the British out of their affairs for longer than a decade, however they got past them after the diamonds broke out. Because of the entrepreneurs, tensions grew and led to a small war between 1880-1881 where the Boers came out successful.
James Cook-a captain who employed voyages from 1777-1779 and opened up Hawaii to the west, despite pesky Spanish ships. Cook was rumored to have good luck and was therefore seen divine to the people. Hawaiian warriors however ended his life when they took over his ship for its metal nails. The nails were treasured because the Hawaiians still relied on Neolithic techonology, therefore lacking iron or steel. Cook's expedition convinced a Hawaiian prince named Kamehamehato imitate Western ways to produce a unified kingdom in place of the regional units established there
11. Now go through your book and complete the graphic organizer below
Country
How Britain gained control - steps to conquest
Actions taken by Britain when in control/ power
Effects/ Reactions
India
- Directors of the British East India Company were as holstile as the Dutch financiers to territorial expansioin--> British gents got in the middle of their disputes and relied on Indian troops called sepoys
-The British Raj fueled rivalry between the British and the French and were both involved in five major wars together, all of which British came out on top (Caribbean, North America, Indian Ocean)
- Key battle at Plassey in 1757 fewer than 3000 British troops and Indian sepoys defeated an Indian army of 50,000
-The British, although with a lesser amount of troops to defend, triumphed over the ill-trained and poorly led Asians
-Battle pitted Siraj ud-daula, teenage nawab, or ruler, of Bengal against Robert Clive, the architect of the British victory in the south
-Prize was control of the fertile kingdom of Bengal
- Clive's well-paid Indian spies gave him details about the divions in Siraf ud-daula's ranks
-Clive was provided with money by Hundi bankers (who desired to get back at the Muslim prince for unpaid debts and taking their treasure), and bought off the nawab's chief general and his allies --> the British spy was also bribed by Siraj ud-daul
- Siraj ud-daula rode into battle on June 23, 1757- his troop fought well and hard, but his allies defected to the British and remainded stationary
-^These defections cleared the nawab's advantage in numbers
-Clive's ability to skillfully lead an army and their high power artillery sealed the deal over the war
-Regional Indian princes tried to defend their territories, however the assaults on them by the British were severe and weakening to the Indian kingdoms
-British gained control over time in Madras, Bombay, and calcutta
-The three trading towns on the Indian coast, Madras, Bombay and Calcutta, were presidencies that made up the territory ruled in India by the British
-British even left Indian princes on the thrones of their princely states to control their kingdoms (they trusted them enough)
-No Indian national identity existed, therefore unity to drive out the foreigners was impossible to execute
-Indian princes were fearful with each other despite the growing power of the British Raj
-Indians were excited to serve in the British regiments (better weapons, brighter uniforms, higher pay)
South Africa
-British captured Cape Town during the wars during the French Revolution in the 1790s, therefore making its colonies opena nd inviting to attack from Britain
-The British held the colony during the Napoleaonic conflicts
- Once the British took control of the colony during the Napoleaonic conflicts, they annexed it in 1815 as a vital sea link to their prize colony of India
-Made up of Dutch and French Protestant descent
-The missionaries who came to south Africa after Britain had secured protection wer commited to eradicating slavery
-1830s missionary pressure and British interferance drove Boers to open a rebllion
-High tension grew over time between the Boers and the British: British opened outpost in Natal, British broke through them to get to the diamond outbreak in 1867 in the Orange Free State)
-British efforts to portect and put Boers into place led to dwar in 1899 in the Boer War (up to 1902)
-British won the war
-British felt guilty because of their harsh treatmeant towards men, women, and children, which opened the way for the dominance of the minority (Boer) over the black African majority ---> tons of misery and violence throughout the 20th century
New Zealand
-British farmers and herders arrived in New Zealand in search of land in the early 1850s
-British decided to claim the islands as a part of their global empire
-Maori was warlike and fought back against the British backed up by the military clout of the colonial government
-Maori had some temporary s uccesses, but the British drove them back into the interior of the island
-Maori went to religious prophets in the 1860s and 1870s for magical charms and supernatural assistance to drive out the British
-British writers predicted Maori would die out entirely
- British turned the internal administration of the islands over to the settlers' representatives, therefore they were struggling with the invaders who wanted to stay
-Western schooling and abliity to win British colonial efforts to their POV led them to have their own legal contests
-New Zealand was included in the White Dominions of the British empire
-preserved much of their value in their precontact culture
12. Write a 1/2 - 1 page summary where you explain the connections between Nationalism, Industrialization and Imperialism
Nationalism, industrialization, and imperialism all fueled countries in the 19th century to have unity and establish strong artillery supply in order to expand their country's beliefs and values in order to have more land. Nationalism was ultimately fueled by the desire of the people in each country to expand and promote their beliefs and values. Nationalism was particularly useful in politics, because goverments used nationalism to create unification within their people in order to get them rallied up to get new lands. All wanted a stronger, bigger country and nationalism promoted just that, therefore they were eager to spread their beliefs and values. If disagreements did come up, instead of fighting, natinoalistic countries would use compromise. Nationalism also encouraged the people who were against wars for new land that fighting for their values and beliefs was an acceptable thing to do and was only for the benefit of the country. New conservatives used nationalism to win support for existing social order. They promoted an active foreign policy in the interest of promoting domestic calm. Almost all Western nations had adopted parliamentary systems, democracies, in which religious and other freedoms were protected. In schools, students were taught nationalism, teaching the superiority of the nation's language and history as well as attacking minority or immigrant cultures. The Industrial Revolution led to industrialization, It was a reform movement in production, working conditions, transportation methods, communication methods. Cities drastically grew and economies were positively effected because of the profit they made. They made more because they produced more through new machinery and without the use of several people. Imperialism was the policy of extending a nation's land and territory through territorial acquisition and by the establishment of colonies in different parts of the world. Imperialism was ultimately fueled by the Industrial Revolution, because it gave them the equipment and wealth to be able to colonize at different places outside of their country. The motivations of imperialism were for European nations to gain more economic as well as political power over the lands that they conquered. Their economic power came from trading with other nations to use the resources to enhance the economy. Also, there was great competition among all of the European countries and nations, including, although across the Atlantic, the United States. Without imperialism, countries could be taken over and conquered from other nations.
CCOT Essay
The Change over time essay is designed for you to analyze the evolution of a trend or a phenomenon over a long period of time. Concentrate on showing what changed, and how. Start by establishing a baseline: what were things like at the beginning of the period? What changed? How and why did it change? What were things like at the end of the period? What if anything stayed the same?
Write an essay that:
Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with appropriate historical evidence
Addresses all parts of the question
Uses world historical context to show change over time and/or continuities
Analyzes the process of change and/or continuity
Question:Analyze the changes in Global commerce from 1450-1914 C.E. Be sure to discuss changes as well as continuities.
As revolutions swept through the Atlantic in the late 18th and early 19th centuries people came to identify themselves as part of a community called a nation.
1. Complete the who, what, when, where, why analysis of the Treaty of Westphalia
Treaty of Westphalia
2. Define nationalism in your own words:
Nationalism=the spirit, devotion, loyalty, desire for advancement and better itself citizens have in a single nation
Take notes on the following. Make sure you connect the events back to nationalism.
3. Summarize the global impact of nationalism (limit to 200 words/ 1/2 page) p517
Nationalism was ultimately fueled by the desire of the people in each country to expand and promote their beliefs and values. Nationalism was particularly useful in politics, because goverments used nationalism to create unification within their people in order to get them rallied up to get new lands. All wanted a stronger, bigger country and nationalism promoted just that, therefore they were eager to spread their beliefs and values. If disagreements did come up, instead of fighting, natinoalistic countries would use compromise. Nationalism also encouraged the people who were against wars for new land that fighting for their values and beliefs was an acceptable thing to do and was only for the benefit of the country. New conservatives used nationalism to win support for existing social order. They promoted an active foreign policy in the interest of promoting domestic calm. Almost all Western nations had adopted parliamentary systems, democracies, in which religious and other freedoms were protected. In schools, students were taught nationalism, teaching the superiority of the nation's language and history as well as attacking minority or immigrant cultures.
Industrialization
4. Look at the data below and answer the questions that follow
Index Numbers of World Trade (Volume of trade in selected years compared to 1913)
- Which of the data sets above do you think is the most significant? Why? I believe that the years of life expectancy at birth was the most significant because although the numbers did not increase drastically, even a couple of years is a lot to add on to someone's life. It demonstrates how they found better ways for treatment and taking care of themselves.
- Taken together what do these data sets tell us? These data sets tell us how the Industrial Revolution affected several different aspects, especially production and life expectancy. Higher life expectancies occuried because of the increase of production and working conditions.
5. Read the following and answer the questions below6. Now referring to your textbook create a chart or mindmap of the effects of Industrialization. You must include the following
7. The data shows us that the Britain Empire was greatly benefitted from nationalism, and they had the technology and wealth from the Industrial Revolution so that they could take control of less techonology advanced societies, such as Polynesia, Austrailia, and Africa. The data and map also tells us that the Americas were a very strong, unified people as well, as they only had 27% controlled there. Also, Great Britian had the largest by far population of colonies at 470,000,000 which fed them the ability to overpower underdeveloped societies.
8. Define Imperialism in your own words:
Imperialism was the policy of extending a nation's land and territory through territorial acquisition and by the establishment of colonies in different parts of the world. Imperialism was ultimately fueled by the Industrial Revolution, because it gave them the equipment and wealth to be able to colonize at different places outside of their country.
9. What were the motivations for Imperialism?
The motivations of imperialism were for European nations to gain more economic as well as political power over the lands that they conquered. Their economic power came from trading with other nations to use the resources to enhance the economy. Also, there was great competition among all of the European countries and nations, including, although across the Atlantic, the United States. Without imperialism, countries could be taken over and conquered from other nations.
10. Before note-taking, look for the following key terms (not in the glossary!) and define them in your own words.
11. Now go through your book and complete the graphic organizer below
-The British Raj fueled rivalry between the British and the French and were both involved in five major wars together, all of which British came out on top (Caribbean, North America, Indian Ocean)
-The British, although with a lesser amount of troops to defend, triumphed over the ill-trained and poorly led Asians
-Battle pitted Siraj ud-daula, teenage nawab, or ruler, of Bengal against Robert Clive, the architect of the British victory in the south
-Prize was control of the fertile kingdom of Bengal
- Clive's well-paid Indian spies gave him details about the divions in Siraf ud-daula's ranks
-Clive was provided with money by Hundi bankers (who desired to get back at the Muslim prince for unpaid debts and taking their treasure), and bought off the nawab's chief general and his allies --> the British spy was also bribed by Siraj ud-daul
- Siraj ud-daula rode into battle on June 23, 1757- his troop fought well and hard, but his allies defected to the British and remainded stationary
-^These defections cleared the nawab's advantage in numbers
-Clive's ability to skillfully lead an army and their high power artillery sealed the deal over the war
-Regional Indian princes tried to defend their territories, however the assaults on them by the British were severe and weakening to the Indian kingdoms
-British gained control over time in Madras, Bombay, and calcutta
-British even left Indian princes on the thrones of their princely states to control their kingdoms (they trusted them enough)
-No Indian national identity existed, therefore unity to drive out the foreigners was impossible to execute
-Indian princes were fearful with each other despite the growing power of the British Raj
-Indians were excited to serve in the British regiments (better weapons, brighter uniforms, higher pay)
-The British held the colony during the Napoleaonic conflicts
-Made up of Dutch and French Protestant descent
-The missionaries who came to south Africa after Britain had secured protection wer commited to eradicating slavery
-1830s missionary pressure and British interferance drove Boers to open a rebllion
-High tension grew over time between the Boers and the British: British opened outpost in Natal, British broke through them to get to the diamond outbreak in 1867 in the Orange Free State)
-British efforts to portect and put Boers into place led to dwar in 1899 in the Boer War (up to 1902)
-British won the war
-British decided to claim the islands as a part of their global empire
-Maori had some temporary s uccesses, but the British drove them back into the interior of the island
-Maori went to religious prophets in the 1860s and 1870s for magical charms and supernatural assistance to drive out the British
-British writers predicted Maori would die out entirely
-Western schooling and abliity to win British colonial efforts to their POV led them to have their own legal contests
-New Zealand was included in the White Dominions of the British empire
-preserved much of their value in their precontact culture
12. Write a 1/2 - 1 page summary where you explain the connections between Nationalism, Industrialization and Imperialism
Nationalism, industrialization, and imperialism all fueled countries in the 19th century to have unity and establish strong artillery supply in order to expand their country's beliefs and values in order to have more land. Nationalism was ultimately fueled by the desire of the people in each country to expand and promote their beliefs and values. Nationalism was particularly useful in politics, because goverments used nationalism to create unification within their people in order to get them rallied up to get new lands. All wanted a stronger, bigger country and nationalism promoted just that, therefore they were eager to spread their beliefs and values. If disagreements did come up, instead of fighting, natinoalistic countries would use compromise. Nationalism also encouraged the people who were against wars for new land that fighting for their values and beliefs was an acceptable thing to do and was only for the benefit of the country. New conservatives used nationalism to win support for existing social order. They promoted an active foreign policy in the interest of promoting domestic calm. Almost all Western nations had adopted parliamentary systems, democracies, in which religious and other freedoms were protected. In schools, students were taught nationalism, teaching the superiority of the nation's language and history as well as attacking minority or immigrant cultures. The Industrial Revolution led to industrialization, It was a reform movement in production, working conditions, transportation methods, communication methods. Cities drastically grew and economies were positively effected because of the profit they made. They made more because they produced more through new machinery and without the use of several people. Imperialism was the policy of extending a nation's land and territory through territorial acquisition and by the establishment of colonies in different parts of the world. Imperialism was ultimately fueled by the Industrial Revolution, because it gave them the equipment and wealth to be able to colonize at different places outside of their country. The motivations of imperialism were for European nations to gain more economic as well as political power over the lands that they conquered. Their economic power came from trading with other nations to use the resources to enhance the economy. Also, there was great competition among all of the European countries and nations, including, although across the Atlantic, the United States. Without imperialism, countries could be taken over and conquered from other nations.
CCOT Essay
The Change over time essay is designed for you to analyze the evolution of a trend or a phenomenon over a long period of time. Concentrate on showing what changed, and how. Start by establishing a baseline: what were things like at the beginning of the period? What changed? How and why did it change? What were things like at the end of the period? What if anything stayed the same?
Write an essay that:
Question:Analyze the changes in Global commerce from 1450-1914 C.E. Be sure to discuss changes as well as continuities.
Steps